The Lure of Technocracy
by Jürgen Habermas
(Polity Press; 2015)
200 pages
Description
Over the past 25 years, Jürgen Habermas has presented what is arguably the most coherent and wide–ranging defence of the project of European unification and of parallel developments towards a politically integrated world society. In developing his key concepts of the transnationalisation of democracy and the constitutionalisation of international law, Habermas offers the main players in the struggles over the fate of the European Union (the politicians, the political parties and the publics of the member states) a way out of the current economic and political crisis, should they choose to follow it. In the title essay Habermas addresses the challenges and threats posed by the current banking and public debt crisis in the Eurozone for European unification. He is harshly critical of the incrementalist, technocratic policies advocated by the German government in particular, which are being imposed at the expense of the populations of the economically weaker, crisis–stricken countries and are undermining solidarity between the member states. He argues that only if the technocratic approach is replaced by a deeper democratization of the European institutions can the European Union fulfil its promise as a model for how rampant market capitalism can once again be brought under political control at the supranational level.
English translation of "Im Sog der Technokratie" (Suhrkamp Verlag, 2013). Five short essays are not included in the English edition.
Contents
I. The Lure of Technocracy
1. The Lure of Technocracy: A Plea for European Solidarity [abridged version]
2. European Citizens and European Peoples
3. Keywords on a Discourse Theory of Law and of the Democratic Constitutional State
II. European Conditions. Continued Interventions
4. The Next Step: An Interview [text in German]
5. The Dilemma Facing the Political Parties [text in German]
6. Three Reasons for ’More Europe’
7. Democracy or Capitalism?
III. German Jews, Germans and Jews
8. Jewish Philosophers and Sociologists as Returnees in the Early Federal Republic of Germany [abridged version]
9. Martin Buber - A Philosophy of Dialogue in its Historical Context
10. Our Contemporary Heine: ‘There are No Longer Nations in Europe’
(1) "The British Journal of Sociology" (vol. 65, no. 4, 2014) features a symposium on Thomas Piketty's "Capital in the Twenty-First Century" (Belknap Press, 2014), including Piketty's response:
"Piketty Symposium"
The papers can be downloaded for free.
(2) A panel discussion of Piketty's book at a meeting of the American Economic Association, January 3, 2015.
A video of the presentations and the discussion here. And papers here.
Thomas Piketty - "About Capital in the 21th Century" (pdf)
See also my links to reviews of Thomas Piketty's book here.
Anthony Giddens pays a tribute to Ulrich Beck (1944-2015) in "Süddeutsche Zeitung" (January 5, 2014):
"Außerordentliches Gespür für die Zukunft"
[not yet available online]
Update:
English version here [pdf].
Excerpts
"Ulrich Beck war der größte Soziologe seiner Generation. Weit über die akademische Gemeinde hinaus stießen seine Werke auf ein breites Echo in der ganzen Welt. Heute führt jeder die "Globalisierung" im Mund, doch als Beck sie als einer der ersten zum Thema machte, in den Achtzigerjahren, war der Begriff noch völlig unvertraut und wurde von vielen als bedeutungsleer abgetan. So wie er ihn verstand und handhabte, meint Globalisierung weniger die Ausdehnung des Marktes als vielmehr die wachsende Verflechtung der Weltgesellschaft. [.....]
In seinen Augen werden die europäischen Länder zum Spielball der Globalisierung, wenn sie nicht gemeinsam Einfluss auf das Weltgeschehen nehmen. Europa muss ein transnationales Projektwerden, nicht eine bloße Ansammlung von Ländern, die sich nur um sich selbst drehen. [.....] Von der Stabilisierung des Euro sind wir weit entfernt, schon weil Deutschland nicht die notwendige Bedingung dafür zulasst, nämlich eine stärkere fiskalische und ökonomische Integration der Eurozone. Stattdessen wird den südlichen Ländern die Austerity-Politik auferlegt, ohne dass auch nur der Anschein demokratischer Zustimmung gewahrt wird. Im Ergebnis kollabiert in diesen Ländern das politische Zentrum noch schneller als in anderen Staaten. Beck fordert darum einen neuen "Sozialvertrag" für Europa. [.....]
Wenn das den Anschein erweckt, Ulrich Beck sei ein Scharfmacher, so täuscht es vollkommen. Ulrich Beck war ein hingebungsvoller und gewissenhafter Gelehrter, gesegnet mit einem enzyklopädischen Wissen der Sozialwissenschaften. Doch so herausragend er war, so wohltuend bescheiden und zugänglich blieb er, höchst popular bei seinen Studenten. Immer wieder stichelte ich und neckte ihn,weil er nie wirklich den britischen Sinn für Humor mit der typischen Mischung aus Selbstironie und dünkelhafter Überlegenheit beherrschte. Doch ziemlich oft war ich derjenige, der am Ende tölpelhaft dastand. Wenn es ihm passte, konnte er einen locker auflaufen lassen.
Er war in der Tat ein Geschöpf der Welt, die er so präzise in seinen Schriften porträtiert hat. Fur die längste Zeit seiner Karriere als Professor in München zu Hause, aber ein eingefleischter Reisender, der in unzähligen akademischen Institutionen rund um die Welt lehrte, ganz abgesehen von seinen seit Jahren zusätzlich wahrgenommenen Gastprofessuren in London und Paris. Seine Bücher wurden in mehr als 30 Sprachen übersetzt, seine Beiträge in Pressemedien in Deutschland, Großbritannien, Frankreich und den USA sind so unübersehbar wie wirkungsvoll. Grenzüberschreitung war seine Lebenspraxis und sein Metier."
See also my links to obituaries of Ulrich Beck here.
A very sad announcement:
The German sociologist Ulrich Beck died January 1 at age 70 of a heart attack.
Süddeutsche Zeitung:
* "Ulrich Beck is tot" (Jan 3)
* "Was die Soziologie Ulrich Beck zu verdanken hat" - Armin Nassehi (Jan 3)
* "Der Kosmopolit" - Andreas Zielcke (Jan 3)
* "Außerordentliches Gespür für die Zukunft" [excerpts] - Anthony Giddens (Jan 5)
* "Die mit sich selbst konfrontierte Moderne" [text in English] - Bruno Latour (Jan 5)
Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung:
* "Der Freihandsegler der Theorie" - Jürgen Kaube (Jan 3)
* "Ausgeruhte Aufregnung" - André Kieserling (Jan 5)
* "Ein Kosmopolit im Denken und Fühlen" - Christian Geyer (Jan 5)
Die Welt:
* "Der Mann der uns Chaos aushalten lehrte" - Alan Posener (Jan 3)
* "Wir alle wurden von Ulrich Beck beeinflusst" - Sigmar Gabriel (SPD) (Jan 3)
Der Tagesspiegel:
* "Der demokratische Existentialist" - Peter von Becker (Jan 3)
Die Zeit:
* "Er lebte, was er lehrte" - Gunter Hofmann (Jan 3)
Der Spiegel:
* "Kollegen erinnern an Ulrich Beck: Er wollte wirken - und das auch politisch" - Richard Sennett, Angela McRobbie, Claus Leggewie, Ronald Hitzler, Cornelia Koppetsch, Saskia Sassen, Paul Gilroy, Sighard Neckel (Jan 3)
* "Zum Tode Ulrich Becks: Die Zukunft ist offen" - Romain Leick (Jan 3)
Neue Zürcher Zeitung:
* "Die Katastrophe denken, um sie zu vermeiden" - Joachim Günther (Jan 4)
Berliner Zeitung:
* "Katastrophale Metamorphosen" - Arno Widmann (Jan 4)
New York Times:
* "Ulrich Beck is Dead at 70" - Alison Smale (Jan 4)
Financial Times:
* "Ulrich Beck, visionary theorist of globalisation and its risks" - Jeevan Vasager
London School of Economics:
* "Ulrich Beck" - Craig Calhoun (Jan 5)
* "Ulrich Beck obituary" (pdf) - Anthony Giddens (Jan 6)
Perlentaucher
* "Eigenes Leben" - Ulf Erdmann Ziegler (Jan 5)
The Guardian
* "Ulrich Beck obituary" - Mary Kaldor & Sabine Selchow
Schweizer Radio und Fernsehen (SRF)
* "Ulrich Beck gestorben" [audio] - Daniel Cohn-Bendit
3sat
* "Stimmen zur Tod von Ulrich Beck" [video] - Saskia Sassen, Richard Sennett & Daniel Cohn-Bendit
Theory, Culture & Society
* "Scott Lash remembers Ulrich Beck"
Solidarity - Theory and Practice
Ed. by Arto Laitinen & Anne Birgitta Pessi
(Lexington Books, 2014)
376 pages
Description
This book brings together philosophers, social psychologists and social scientists to approach contemporary social reality from the viewpoint of solidarity. It examines the nature of different kinds of solidarity and assesses the normative and explanatory potential of the concept. Various aspects of solidarity as a special emotionally and ethically responsive relation are studied: the nature of collective emotions and mutual recognition, responsiveness to others’ suffering and needs, and the nature of moral partiality included in solidarity. The evolution of norms of solidarity is examined both via the natural evolution of the human “social brain” and via the institutional changes in legal constitutions and contemporary work life.
Contents [preview]
1. Solidarity - Theory and Practice - Arto Laitinen & Anne Birgitta Pessi
2. Solidarity - Unpacking the Social Brain - Siegwart Lindenberg
3. Collective Emotions as the ‘Glue’ of Group Solidarity - Mikko Salmela
4. Empathy and our Relations to Others - Kristen Renwick Monroe
5. Solidarity, Moral Recognition, and Communality - Simon Derpmann
6. From Recognition to Solidarity - Arto Laitinen
7. Solidarity and Work: a Reassessment - Nicholas H. Smith
8. Solidarity in Times of Crisis - Constitutional Evolution and Europe - Hauke Brunkhorst
9. National Social Models and Helping Others in the European Union - Juho Saari & Anne Birgitta Pessi
10. Solidarity and Motivations to Help Others: the Case of Finns - Arto Laitinen & Anne Birgitta Pessi
11. Solidarity in a Nordic Welfare State: the Case of Finland - Heikki Hiilamo
12. Distant Suffering, Volunteering, and Solidarity - Bente Nicolaysen
The book is based on papers presented at an international colloquium in Helsinki in 2010.
See Arto Laitinen's homepage at academia.edu, where he has uploaded many of his papers and also a copy of his book on solidarity.
The current issue of "Social & Legal Studies" (December 2014) features articles on the constitutional theory of Hauke Brunkhorst and his book "Critical Theory of Legal Revolutions" (Bloomsbury Academic, 2014). [Preview of the book here.]
* "New Bearings in the Sociology of Law" [pdf] - Chris Thornhill and Emilios Christodoulidis
* "Legal Revolutions and the Sociology of Law" [abstract] - Chris Thornhill
* "World State: Brunkhorst’s ‘Cosmopolitan State’ and Varieties of Differentiation" [abstract] - Mathias Albert
* "Hauke Brunkhorst’s Critical Theory of Legal Revolutions: Some Comments on Theory Construction" [abstract] - Jürgen Habermas
* "Hauke Brunkhorst: Reflections on the Idea of Normative Progress" [abstract] - Robert Fine
* "The Cunning of Law: Remarks on Brunkhorst’s Critical Theory of Legal Revolutions" [abstract] - Cristina Lafont
* "Reply to Critics" [abstract] - Hauke Brunkhorst
Excerpts from Jürgen Habermas's article:
From the perspective of social theory, the great theoretical achievement of this pathbreaking investigation lies in the fact that it draws attention to the importance of the "papal revolution" for social evolution. [.....] The papal revolution, initiated by Gregory VII, serves Brunkhorst as the classical example of an event, which can be understood as exploiting, revitalizing and institutionalizing the transgressing egalitarian and universalistic ideas of justice contained in the living tradition of the monastic ethos. The conception of "freedom of association" formed the normative core of the new legal system, which differentiated itself from the religiopolitical complex in the course of the 12th century. The legal figure of the self-administering corporation marked the beginning of the functional differentiation of a hierarchical society, which had hitherto found its culminating point in the figure of the political ruler. As an unintented consequence of that medieval transformation, the secular state developed in the course of subsequent centuries. Following this dialectical pattern, Brunkhorst construes the Protestant Reformation and the emergence of the constitutional state as relevant stages in the evolution of law. [.....]
The theoretical appropriation of the results of legal and historical research raises questions, which I leave to the experts. In the following, I will limit myself - proceeding from a fundamental agreement with the intention and design of this fascination sketch - to a discussion of certain aspects of its theoretical construction. Above all, I will briefly deal with five questions:
1: Does the linear arrangement of the subsequent functional differentiation of the legal, the political, the economic and the educational system not draw an oversimplified (and, with regard to the legal system, somewhat misleading) picture of the thresholds, which punctuate the course of cultural and social modernization of Western societies?
2: How can we explain the dynamics of those transgressing normative ideas, which gave rise to the papal revolution, which inspired all subsequent socioevolutionary bursts, and which cultimated in creating the "Kantian mindset"? This mindset is supposed to provide a somewhat mysterious potential which inspires social evolution from the outset?
3: Does the fact that law is embedded in the context of world views mean that we have to see the pacemaker function of legal innovations as dependent on the evolution of world views? Does this mean that we need to see the evolutionary learning mechanism as located at a deeper level in society?
4: If we ascribe greater weight to the critical role of the development of world views, what is the actual importance of the ambivalent description of "post-metaphysical" thinking for a diagnosis of modern society?
5: What is the appropriate framework for a theory of social evolution, which attaches weight to the interplay between normative learning and systemic adaption?"
The Cambridge Rawls Lexicon
Ed. by Jon Mandle & David A. Reidy
(Cambridge University Press, 2014)
920 pages
Description
John Rawls is widely regarded as one of the most influential philosophers of the twentieth century, and his work has permanently shaped the nature and terms of moral and political philosophy, deploying a robust and specialized vocabulary that reaches beyond philosophy to political science, economics, sociology, and law. This volume is a complete and accessible guide to Rawls' vocabulary, with over 200 alphabetical encyclopaedic entries written by the world's leading Rawls scholars. From 'basic structure' to 'burdened society', from 'Sidgwick' to 'strains of commitment', and from 'Nash point' to 'natural duties', the volume covers the entirety of Rawls' central ideas and terminology, with illuminating detail and careful cross-referencing. It will be an essential resource for students and scholars of Rawls, as well as for other readers in political philosophy, ethics, political science, sociology, international relations and law.
Contents [pdf]
Excerpts
* Advantage, mutual vs. reciprocal [pdf]
* Allocative Justice [pdf]
* Charles Beitz
* Citizen
* H. L. A. Hart
* Sovereignty
* Thin and Full Theory of Goodness [pdf]
* Index [pdf]
Europe Entrapped
by Claus Offe
(Wiley / Polity Press, 2014)
104 pages
Description
Today Europe finds itself in a crisis that casts a dark shadow over an entire generation. The seriousness of the crisis stems from one core political contradiction at the heart of the European project: namely, that what urgently needs to be done is also extremely unpopular and therefore virtually impossible to do democratically. What must be done - and almost everyone agrees in principle on the measures that would be needed to deal with the financial crisis - cannot be sold to the voting public of the core member states, which so far have been less affected by the crisis than those on the periphery, nor can the conditions that core members try to impose be easily sold to voters in the deficit countries.
The European Union is therefore becoming increasingly disunited, with deepening divides between the German-dominated ‘core’ and the southern ‘periphery’, between the winners and the losers of the common currency, between the advocates of greater integration and the anti-Europeans, between the technocrats and the populists. Europe finds itself trapped by the deepening divisions that are opening up across the Continent, obstructing its ability to deal with a crisis that has already caused massive social suffering in the countries of the European periphery and is threatening to derail the very project of the European Union.
Contents
Introduction [preview]
Democratic Capitalism and The European Union
The Nature of the Crisis
Growth, Debt, and Doom Loops
No Return to Square One
In Search of Political Agency
Finalitées: Bases of Identification with European Integration as a Political Project
The Configuration of Political Forces and Preferences
Germany's Leadership Role for Europe: A Non-Starter
"Thin" Citizenship
Redistribution Across State Borders and Social Divides
Claus Offe is Professor of Political Sociology at the Hertie School of Governance in Berlin.
The book draws upon an article published in the European Law Review vol. 19 no. 5 (2013) pp. 595-611 [Abstract]. Originally published in German in Blätter für deutsche und internationale Politik 2013 no. 1, titled "Europa in der Falle" (An English translation here).
Jürgen Habermas's speech at a symposium in honour of Julian Nida-Rümelin, Nymphenburg Palace, Munich, November 28, 2014:
"Zum Verhältnis von Philosophie und Politik"
Distributive Justice and Access to Advantage
G. A. Cohen's Egalitarianism
Edited by Alexander Kaufman
(Cambridge University Press, 2014)
286 pages
Description
G. A. Cohen was one of the world's leading political theorists. He was noted, in particular, for his contributions to the literature of egalitarian justice. Cohen's classic writings offer one of the most influential responses to the currency of the egalitarian justice question – the question, that is, of whether egalitarians should seek to equalize welfare, resources, opportunity, or some other indicator of well-being. Underlying Cohen's argument is the intuition that the purpose of egalitarianism is to eliminate disadvantage for which it is inappropriate to hold the person responsible. His argument therefore focuses on the appropriate role of considerations regarding responsibility in egalitarian judgment. This volume comprises chapters by major scholars addressing and responding both to Cohen's account of the currency of egalitarian justice and its practical implications and to Cohen's arguments regarding the appropriate form of justificatory arguments about justice.
Contents [pdf] [preview]
Introduction [pdf] - Alexander Kaufman
Part I. Justice and Justification
1. The Fundamental Disagreement between Luck Egalitarians and Relational Egalitarians [pdf] - Elizabeth Anderson
2. Justice, Interpersonal Morality, and Luck Egalitarianism - Peter Vallentyne
3. The Egalitarian Ethos as a Social Mechanism - Joseph H. Carens
4. Justice and the Crooked Wood of Human Nature [pdf] - Adam Cureton
5. Facts, Principles, and the Third Man [pdf] - Lea Ypi
Part II. Justice and Equality
6. Equality and Freedom: Cohen's Critique of Sen - Alexander Kaufman
7. The Incoherence of Luck Egalitarianism - David Miller
8. What is the Point of Egalitarian Social Relationships? - Patrick Tomlin
9. Basic Equality and the Currency of Egalitarian Justice - Gabriel Wollner
Part III. Equality and Society
10. Why not Capitalism? - Richard J. Arneson
11. The Labor Theory of Justice [video] - Chandran Kukathas
12. Rescuing Justice and Equality from Libertarianism [abstract] - Serena Olsaretti
Alexander Kaufman is Associate Professor of Political Science at the University of Georgia. He is editor of "Capabilities Equality: Basic Issues and Problems" (Routledge, 2005).
See some of my previous posts on G.A. Cohen:
- G.A. Cohen (1941-2009)
- Podcasts from G.A. Cohen conference January 2009
- Cohen's book "On the Currency of Egalitarian Justice"
Habermas und der Historische Materialismus
Hg. von Smail Rapic
(Verlag Karl Alber, 2014)
440 Seiten
Kurzbeschreibung
Seit dem Ausbruch der Weltfinanzkrise 2008 ist die Kapitalismus-Kritik von Karl Marx und Friedrich Engels von neuem ins öffentliche Bewusstsein gerückt. Auf einer Tagung an der Universität Wuppertal haben Vertreter verschiedener Disziplinen mit Jürgen Habermas über seine Rekonstruktion des Historischen Materialismus diskutiert. Durch die Mitwirkung von Karl-Otto Apel und Agnes Heller wurden Grundfragen der Habermas’schen Kommunikationstheorie und ihre Rolle in der Geschichte des westlichen Marxismus in die Diskussion einbezogen. Was den Band von sonstigen Tagungsbänden abhebt, sind die Entgegnungen von Jürgen Habermas sowie repräsentative Ausschnitte aus der öffentlichen Diskussion.
Inhalt
Einleitung [pdf] - Smail Rapic
Grußwort zur Tagung - Lambert T. Koch
I. Habermas’ kommunikationstheoretische Wende und das Erbe des Historischen Materialismus
Kontinuitäten und Diskontinuitäten in Habermas’ Auseinandersetzung mit dem Historischen Materialismus [English] - William Outhwaite
Entgegnung von Jürgen Habermas
Historischer Materialismus und Kommunikationstheorie bei Habermas - Manfred Baum
Entgegnung von Jürgen Habermas
Diskussion
II. Habermas’ Kommunikationstheorie im zeitgenössischen Kontext
Über Habermas: Von alten Zeiten - Ágnes Heller
Entgegnung von Jürgen Habermas
Transzendentalpragmatik: Drittes Paradigma der Ersten Philosophie - Karl-Otto Apel
Diskussion
III. Ökonomie und Politik
Habermas’ Kritik des Produktionsparadigmas - Ingo Elbe
Entgegnung von Jürgen Habermas
Legitimationsprobleme im Spätkapitalismus: Zur Aktualität eines Habermas’schen Textes aus dem Jahre 1973 - Smail Rapic
Entgegnung von Jürgen Habermas
Die Zivilisierung des globalen Kapitalismus und die Zukunft Europas - Stefan Müller-Doohm
Entgegnung von Jürgen Habermas
Diskussion
Die verdrängte Demokratie. Kommunikations- und Handlungsblockaden in einer globalisierten Welt - Regina Kreide
Diskussion
Entgegnung von Jürgen Habermas
IV. Moralbewusstsein und Recht
Welchen normativen Status hat das Privatrecht? - Hans-Christoph Schmidt am Busch
Entgegnung von Jürgen Habermas
Die Rückkehr des gegenständlichen Gattungswesens [pdf] - Michael Quante
Entgegnung von Jürgen Habermas
Diskussion
V. Die Selbstverständigung der Moderne
Ernüchterte Geschichtsphilosophie - Georg Lohmann
Entgegnung von Jürgen Habermas
Habermas and Young Hegelian Dialectics - Ernest Wolf-Gazo
Entgegnung von Jürgen Habermas
Hegel, Marx und das Subjekt der Moderne - Klaus Erich Kaehler
Entgegnung von Jürgen Habermas
Marxismus und Evolution - Hauke Brunkhorst
Entgegnung von Jürgen Habermas
Diskussion
Schlusswort - Jürgen Habermas
